PrepTest 145, Section 1, Question 21
The French biologist Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744–1829) outlined(453 more words not shown)
The author most likely calls(17 more words not shown)
- Adistinguish it from(4 more words not shown)
- Bcharacterize it as(2 more words not shown)
- Cindicate that it(6 more words not shown)
- Demphasize that it(3 more words not shown)
- Esuggest an analogy(6 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Read typo in its immediate setting: DNA is being transcribed into RNA, and the resulting copy contains a change. The familiar word helps us picture imperfect copying. It does not tell us in advance whether the change will be useful, harmful or easy to miss.
Working the answers
- A
The next sentence says these mutations let the immune system try different defenses. A copying error can therefore help produce an effective response. Typo is not being used to separate these changes from adaptive ones.
- B
A change that produces a different defense need not be inconsequential. The author is explaining how the mutation happens, not minimizing its effect.
- CCorrect
The copy differs from what it was copied from. That is the relevant resemblance to a typographical error: information changes during transcription.
- D
Nothing about the context emphasizes that scientists are likely to overlook the mutation. The explanation concerns the copying process, not the difficulty of detecting its result.
- E
The author borrows a familiar term to explain a biological event. That is not an analogy between the work of scientific investigators and the work of textual analysts. It is copying, rather than two kinds of investigation, that the comparison illuminates.
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