PrepTest 147, Section 3, Question 23
Passage A In 1994, Estonia became the first(490 more words not shown)
Passage A(253 more words not shown)
Passage B(245 more words not shown)
Both passages seek to advance(10 more words not shown)
- Aaccusing opponents of(3 more words not shown)
- Bciting specific historical(3 more words not shown)
- Carguing on the(4 more words not shown)
- Demploying rhetorical(1 more words not shown)
- Ecorrecting alleged(1 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Each author says that an objection rests on a mistaken understanding. A denies that a flat tax must rule out progressivity: an exempt threshold changes the fraction of total income paid. B denies that a higher graduated bracket applies its rate to every dollar someone earns. That is a shared argumentative move even though the authors favor different systems.
Working the answers
- A
A portrays opponents as shifting from saying flat taxes cannot work to saying they are unfair. B does not accuse opponents of changing their position after an objection is answered.
- B
A cites Estonia’s adoption and the countries that followed. B does not use a specific historical development as evidence.
- C
Neither builds its argument by comparing taxation with a different situation. Explaining how the tax systems themselves work is not an analogy.
- D
B asks why a system should jump from no tax to the top rate. A does not use rhetorical questions, so this is not a shared method.
- ECorrect
A challenges alleged misunderstandings about flat taxes’ practicality and progressivity. B corrects the belief that graduated taxes impose the higher rate on a high earner’s entire income. Both advance their arguments by explaining why the opposing understanding is mistaken.
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