PrepTest 147, Section 3, Question 20
The following passage is based on an article(425 more words not shown)
According to the passage, which(6 more words not shown)
- AMost clinical trials(8 more words not shown)
- BClinical trials would(14 more words not shown)
- CTheoretical equipoise imposes(12 more words not shown)
- DMost physicians and(14 more words not shown)
- EMost comparative clinical(20 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
This asks what the account actually supports, not what sounds like a plausible consequence of the proposal. The author defines the two standards and explains a difficulty with the strict one. That doesn't automatically tell us how most trials operate, how many would be conducted, or what every professional group thinks about the full set of ethical rules.
Working the answers
- A
We don't receive a survey of existing trials or a finding that most meet appropriate ethical standards. Describing a standard is not evidence of general compliance with it.
- B
Removing one unreasonable restriction could make more trials permissible. The author doesn't say trials would actually be conducted more often; that outcome could depend on other factors. The recommendation alone doesn't establish this prediction about frequency.
- CCorrect
The second paragraph calls exact balance a goal that is nearly impossible to achieve in real research (paragraph 2). That supports saying theoretical equipoise imposes a standard rarely, if ever, met. The common presence of preferences explains the difficulty.
- D
We are told about traditional agreement on the requirement to have no treatment preference. That doesn't establish that most physicians and ethicists judge the currently accepted ethical requirements as a whole adequate. The broader adequacy claim is not stated.
- E
Resolving expert disagreement is introduced as “One reason” for comparative trials. The author doesn't say it is the purpose of most trials. An identified reason and the predominant reason are different claims.
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