PrepTest 136, Section 3, Question 16
Traditional theories of animal behavior assert that animal(454 more words not shown)
Which one of the following,(13 more words not shown)
- ASpiders in the(13 more words not shown)
- BSpiders in the(13 more words not shown)
- CSpiders in the(16 more words not shown)
- DSpiders in the(17 more words not shown)
- ESpiders in the(23 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Riechert's theory makes fighting depend on what is at stake and what it would cost to win. A good site may justify more risk; an unattractive site or an intimidating opponent may not. Alternatives matter too: suitable sites are much more available in the riparian habitat than in the grassland.
What we’re looking for
Least consistent means we want the result that clashes with this account. In particular, Riechert predicts more willingness to escalate where usable sites are scarce, not equal willingness in the two habitats.
Working the answers
- A
A highly desirable site offers a greater payoff, so escalated fighting for it fits the theory. This isn't the exception we need.
- B
Refusing a risky fight over an inferior site also fits. The resource may not be valuable enough to justify injury, especially where other sites are available.
- C
More frequent reliance on displays in the riparian habitat agrees with the prediction of less escalation there. The greater availability of suitable sites reduces the pressure to fight intensely.
- DCorrect
Equal willingness to escalate conflicts with the specific prediction that grassland spiders will be more willing to do so. We don't need to conclude that these spiders ignore every possible payoff; this named comparison already contradicts the predicted difference.
- E
A larger opponent increases the danger, and a riparian spider has better prospects of finding another site. Being more willing to withdraw under those circumstances makes sense within the risk-and-payoff account.
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