PrepTest 112, Section 2, Question 20
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally(431 more words not shown)
According to the passage, the(19 more words not shown)
- AIt increases thirst(4 more words not shown)
- BIt helps prevent(5 more words not shown)
- CIt increases the(6 more words not shown)
- DIt causes minor(4 more words not shown)
- EIt helps stimulate(5 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Withholding vasopressin means inhibiting its release. I remember the phrase about water conservation, but I need to check which action that phrase describes. The question asks what happens when the hormone is held back, not simply what the hormone does.
What we’re looking for
The relevant example begins with too much water. Whatever response we pick should help deal with that surplus.
Working the answers
- A
Thirst is inhibited in this situation, not increased. Nor is increased sodium appetite identified as an effect of withholding vasopressin.
- BCorrect
Withholding the water-conserving hormone allows surplus water to leave in urine. Thirst is also inhibited, helping keep body fluids from becoming more dilute (paragraph 2). These coordinated responses address the excess water.
- C
This was my initial temptation: the sentence really does describe helping the kidneys retain water (paragraph 2). But that description concerns vasopressin itself. The sentence says the body inhibits its secretion to get rid of surplus water. Holding back that hormone does not increase water conservation; C attaches the familiar effect to the opposite action.
- D
Minor changes in plasma volume aren't given as a function of withholding vasopressin. Changes in concentration and the buffering role of cellular water don't establish that specific claim.
- E
No connection is given between withholding vasopressin and stimulating steroid hormone secretion. The opening's mention of steroids doesn't supply this mechanism.
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