PrepTest 142, Section 3, Question 18
Passage A  To a neuroscientist, you are your(463 more words not shown)
Passage A(205 more words not shown)
Passage B(266 more words not shown)
Which one of the following(17 more words not shown)
- Amental(1 more words not shown)
- Bfree(1 more words not shown)
- Emoral(1 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Keep the direction straight: present in B, absent from A. B distinguishes actions arising from one's own will from actions constrained by force, hypnosis, or a disorder. A instead moves from neuroscience and doubts about free moral choice to the purpose of punishment.
Working the answers
- ACorrect
B expressly makes an exception for disorder when describing actions from one's own will, and names kleptomania as an example of constraint. A does not invoke mental disorder. Emotional brain activity is not automatically a claim that the person has a disorder.
- B
Free choice matters to both. A questions whether people freely choose immoral acts; B explains a sense in which determined actions may still be free. This is a shared issue, not a distinguishing one.
- C
Both accounts concern what causes behavior. A attributes behavior to brain operations, while B distinguishes the existence of a cause from its source. Causality cannot separate B from A.
- D
A explicitly says people may be “deluding themselves” about making a free and rational choice. That gives us the opposite of the requested distinction: a concept plainly present in A.
- E
A's discussion of retribution concerns punishing people because of freely chosen immoral acts. Moral responsibility is central to that justification. It is not a concept unique to B.
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