PrepTest 132, Section 3, Question 26
Computers have long been utilized in the sphere(437 more words not shown)
Based on the passage, which(12 more words not shown)
- AThe major problem(16 more words not shown)
- BThese systems are(17 more words not shown)
- CAdding specific criteria(16 more words not shown)
- DThese systems can(15 more words not shown)
- EThese systems are(16 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Case-based reasoners are the second approach: they store earlier cases and compare a new problem with a similar one. That sounds promising, but the author still finds a limitation. The designer decides in advance what counts as similar. Keep that fixed comparison process in view as we check the answers.
Working the answers
- A
We aren't told that storing enough cases is the major problem. The criticism concerns selecting relevant comparisons, not finding enough storage space.
- B
The author doesn't say these systems rely on a simpler view of legal reasoning. A different approach isn't automatically a simpler or more useful one, and the final paragraph emphasizes the problem that remains.
- CCorrect
More designer-specified criteria would still be designer-specified criteria. The final sentence says the existing approach “simply postpones” the problem of a system discovering relevant similarities for itself. Adding to the fixed list doesn't give it that independent ability. This is why merely expanding what has already been programmed wouldn't overcome the identified shortcoming.
- D
The opening says the systems haven't achieved independent expert advice about substantive law. The case-based discussion doesn't establish that this goal has now been met.
- E
Both approaches aim at automated legal reasoning. Changing from rules to cases is a change in method, not evidence that the second has been assigned a much more ambitious goal.
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