PrepTest 114, Section 3, Question 17
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known(436 more words not shown)
The passage states that a(8 more words not shown)
- Aa social(1 more words not shown)
- Ba form of(2 more words not shown)
- Can accidental(1 more words not shown)
- Da condition controllable(6 more words not shown)
- Ea partial determinant(4 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Contingencies are circumstances that shape people's identities and capacities: upbringing, household finances, available ideas, and accidental circumstances. Check each description against that meaning. A term appearing elsewhere isn't automatically another name for a contingency.
Working the answers
- A
They are explicitly called “social phenomena.” This is part of the definition.
- BCorrect
Structuring is the whole ongoing process of people and society shaping one another, applied here to history. Contingencies are circumstances that help shape the people acting within that process. A contributing condition isn't itself a form of the entire interaction. The two terms are related, but not interchangeable.
- C
Accidental circumstances appear in the list of examples. A condition can affect someone without being deliberately arranged.
- D
The definition says we have “varying degrees of control” over these phenomena. A condition under some individual control therefore fits; contingencies needn't all be wholly beyond anyone's influence.
- E
These circumstances shape identities and capacities and thereby partly determine the actions people can perform. Partial determinant of action matches that account.
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