PrepTest 158, Section 1, Question 25
The use of criminal sanctions against corporations is(445 more words not shown)
It can be inferred from(22 more words not shown)
- Ashareholders generally do(12 more words not shown)
- Bcorporate employees have(14 more words not shown)
- Cit is more(17 more words not shown)
- Dit is unjust(23 more words not shown)
- Ecorporate wrongdoing rarely(10 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Now we want the second group of theorists: those who accept criminal sanctions but would target individuals within a corporation. Their concern is that punishing the company spreads the cost to people who may not be responsible. The third paragraph lists shareholders, creditors, employees, and the public.
Working the answers
- A
They say shareholders bear part of a corporate fine. That is a claim about who pays, not about how much power shareholders have to influence the company's conduct.
- B
They think the threat of individual prosecution can give employees an incentive to avoid wrongdoing. B goes further and makes it the only source of that incentive. They haven't ruled out every other reason an employee might refrain.
- C
They call individuals the appropriate targets, but don't justify that choice by saying prosecuting them is easier. Their stated reasons concern responsiveness to deterrence and the burden corporate punishment places on others.
- DCorrect
They object that corporate fines ultimately punish the public, which is “forced to absorb higher prices.” That criticism supports the inference that they regard making the public bear those costs as unjust. Otherwise, this spillover would not support their case for targeting the responsible individuals instead.
- E
This invokes the discussion of identifiable victims in the second paragraph, where the author criticizes reliance on private civil litigation. It isn't a position attributed to the theorists who favor individual prosecution.
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