PrepTest 131, Section 4, Question 27
In an experiment, two strangers are given the(452 more words not shown)
In the context of the(22 more words not shown)
- Aour prehistoric ancestors(11 more words not shown)
- Bin many prehistoric(21 more words not shown)
- Cit is just(17 more words not shown)
- Dit is just(26 more words not shown)
- Ein many social(25 more words not shown)
Reading the passage
Go back to the author's actual objection to the first explanation. Keeping your group strong may explain why you offer someone a generous share. It doesn't yet explain why you reject a small share yourself.
What we’re looking for
So that's our prediction: give this account a reason for the responder's rejection. We need to fill the gap the author identified, not merely add another fact about prehistoric groups.
Working the answers
- A
A larger group size doesn't explain why someone would reject a low offer. We also can't assume that a group of more than a hundred people has no need for cooperation.
- B
A hierarchy could establish what people considered fair. That still leaves our question: why turn down an unfair amount and get nothing instead? Defining fairness doesn't fill that gap.
- C
Difficulty keeping secrets belongs to the later reputation account. Extending that difficulty to larger groups doesn't address the missing reason in the first, group-strength explanation.
- DCorrect
This adds the responder's side. The first account says harming fellow group members by outcompeting them can hurt the group. D adds that letting yourself be outcompeted can hurt the group too. Your strength matters just as theirs does. That gives group members a reason to resist getting the poor end of a division, bringing rejection of low offers within the account the author had found incomplete.
- E
Allocating goods according to need gives another possible standard for distribution. It doesn't explain why a responder would reject a small offer, which is the specific weakness we need to address.
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