PrepTest 123, Section 2, Question 10
Double-blind techniques should be used whenever possible in(32 more words not shown)
Which one of the following(9 more words not shown)
- AScientists' objectivity may(17 more words not shown)
- BIt is advisable(17 more words not shown)
- CScientists sometimes neglect(16 more words not shown)
- DWhenever possible, scientists(14 more words not shown)
- EDouble-blind experimental techniques(9 more words not shown)
Reading the argument
I can see why this would help. If a researcher knows who received the real treatment and who received a placebo, the researcher's expectations might affect how carefully they look for improvement or how they interpret an ambiguous result.
A double-blind setup keeps that assignment unknown to both the participants and the researchers working with them. That gives the recommendation a sensible basis: use the technique when possible to help prevent misinterpretations caused by expectations. The author also says scientists should work hard to avoid those errors.
What we’re looking for
We don't have to manufacture an objection to every argument. Here, understanding how the reasons support the recommendation is enough. For the main-conclusion question, ask what the author wants scientists to do. Use double-blind techniques whenever possible. The benefits of the technique and the duty to avoid errors explain why.
Working the answers
- A
This describes the problem the technique is meant to address. Existing expectations can interfere with objective interpretation. That gives a reason for the recommendation, but it isn't the recommendation itself.
- BCorrect
Use double-blind techniques in as many experiments as possible. “It is advisable” expresses the recommendation, and “as high a proportion ... as they can” restates “whenever possible.” This captures the action the author wants scientists to take.
- C
The author urges scientists to avoid misinterpretation, but the argument isn't mainly accusing them of neglect. C shifts from recommending a technique to describing a failure by scientists. That is not the stated conclusion.
- D
Avoiding interpretations driven by prior expectations is a goal supporting the recommendation. The author's main point goes one step further and recommends a particular way to pursue that goal: double-blind techniques. D leaves out that proposed method.
- E
This is about whether double-blind techniques work. Their usefulness helps explain why the author recommends them, but the conclusion is that scientists should use them whenever possible. A reason to do something and the recommendation to do it play different roles in the argument.
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