PrepTest 116, Section 3, Question 21
Each of the many people who participated in(45 more words not shown)
If the statements above are(9 more words not shown)
- ASome of the(13 more words not shown)
- BNot all of(13 more words not shown)
- CNo participants in(8 more words not shown)
- DNo person who(12 more words not shown)
- EPersons who are(13 more words not shown)
Reading the argument
Do you have to attend the arts fair to be part of the town's artistic circles? Someone active in those circles could skip the fair and help with the cleanup instead. The scheduling conflict alone wouldn't establish that the volunteers aren't active in those circles.
But this question asks what must follow if we accept the passage's statements. That changes our task. We're given that some cleanup participants aren't active in the artistic circles, so we use that fact rather than trying to repair the explanation for it.
What we’re looking for
We have two useful facts to connect: every cleanup participant received a certificate, and some cleanup participants aren't active in the artistic circles. Let's test the choices against those facts. A choice can be possible without being required, so ask whether it could be false while both statements remain true.
Working the answers
- A
We know that some certificate recipients aren't active in the artistic circles. We don't know that any recipients are active. Perhaps none are; perhaps some are. A picks one possibility without support. Saying some people are outside a group doesn't establish that others are inside it.
- BCorrect
'Not all' means that there is at least one exception. Some cleanup participants aren't active in the artistic circles, and all cleanup participants received certificates. Those people are the exceptions: certificate recipients who aren't active in the circles. That is enough to establish B, even if we know nothing about the remaining recipients.
- C
Why couldn't someone at the arts fair have received a certificate for volunteering at the library? The passage gives cleanup participation as a way to receive a certificate, but doesn't say it is the only way. Even if the two events prevented someone from participating in both, that wouldn't rule out other routes to a certificate.
- D
Unpack the negatives: every certificate recipient participated in the cleanup. We were told the other direction: every cleanup participant received a certificate. The library volunteer could have a certificate without having joined the cleanup. D wrongly closes off that possibility.
- E
We aren't told that people active in the artistic circles don't care about the environment. Someone could care about it and choose to attend the fair, or care about it without volunteering at either event. Group membership and event attendance don't establish a person's concerns.
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