PrepTest 155, Section 4, Question 12
Typically, a design that turns out well has(54 more words not shown)
The statements above, if true,(8 more words not shown)
- AThe designs that(8 more words not shown)
- BMany good designs(8 more words not shown)
- CDesigns that do(10 more words not shown)
- DDesigns whose initial(7 more words not shown)
- EA designer will(15 more words not shown)
Reading the argument
Putting an idea on paper can show you what you haven't figured out yet. Something that seemed clear in your head might look confused in the sketch. Now you can see what needs to change.
That's the process being described: a design goes through drafts, the designer notices weaknesses, and later versions improve on earlier ones. A good finished design needn't have started as a good finished idea.
What we’re looking for
Keep the qualifications, though. The passage says this typically happens and sketches usually help. It isn't claiming that every design follows exactly this route or that every useful insight requires a sketch. For the most-supported answer, I'd expect a modest claim about good designs developing through revision, not a rigid rule about all designers.
Working the answers
- A
More drafts don't necessarily mean a better result. A design that needs a hundred attempts doesn't have to turn out worse than one that goes through a thousand. We know successful designs typically go through many improving drafts; we haven't been given a rule ranking final quality by the number of drafts.
- BCorrect
Many good designs began with ideas that had flaws. I might pause over whether 'inadequately conceptualized' really means 'flawed,' but in this context it does: the sketch reveals something muddled or not yet worked out, and the designer improves it. Those early weaknesses are compatible with a design eventually turning out well. B captures that development without claiming that every good design begins badly.
- C
Many drafts aren't a guarantee of success. A designer could repeatedly revise something and still fail to produce a good result. The passage describes a typical feature of successful designs; it doesn't say that unsuccessful designs must lack that feature. C rules out repeated but unsuccessful efforts without support.
- D
This treats an inadequate starting idea as something a design rarely recovers from. But the passage describes how a sketch can expose those inadequacies so the designer can address them in later drafts. Early problems don't establish a poor final result; correcting them is part of the process being discussed.
- E
'Usually' doesn't support 'never without it.' A sketch often helps reveal advantages and flaws, but perhaps a designer could also spot a problem by talking the idea through with a friend or thinking about it more carefully. Those are possibilities the passage leaves open. We aren't told that a sketch is the only route to seeing what works or what needs fixing.
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