LR Drill Set 6, Question 11
Nutritionist: A meal is healthful only if no(29 more words not shown)
The principles stated by the(11 more words not shown)
- AAurico's serves a(32 more words not shown)
- BIn a breakfast(30 more words not shown)
- CThe lunch special(30 more words not shown)
- DIn a breakfast(26 more words not shown)
- EIn a breakfast(36 more words not shown)
Reading the argument
These rules can rule a meal out. They don't guarantee that a meal is healthy.
A healthful meal must get no more than 30 percent of its calories from fat, and it must include a serving of fruit or vegetables. If it fails either requirement, we know it isn't healthful under these rules. But passing both tests leaves open other ways the meal might be unhealthy. A low-fat meal with fruit could still have some other problem.
What we’re looking for
So when we apply the principles, look for a judgment based on a failed requirement. More than 30 percent of calories from fat, or no serving of fruit or vegetables, would justify calling a meal not healthful. Merely checking the two boxes doesn't justify calling it healthful. We should use the stated rules without quietly treating them as a complete nutrition guide.
Working the answers
- A
The calzone gets 32 percent of its calories from fat, above the 30 percent limit. Spinach's vitamins don't cancel that violation. The nutritionist requires every healthful meal to meet the fat condition as well as the fruit-or-vegetable condition, so A's conclusion that this makes a healthful lunch is not justified.
- B
This meal appears to satisfy both stated requirements, but that doesn't tell us it is healthy. So calling it unhealthful is possible. The problem is the reason: the nutritionist gave no rule about excessive sugar. B might be a sound nutritional judgment under some additional principle, but it isn't a judgment these particular principles justify.
- CCorrect
Thirty-five percent of the meal's calories come from fat. That exceeds a requirement every healthful meal must meet, so the meal cannot be healthful under the nutritionist's rule. We don't need to evaluate every ingredient once a required condition fails. Even if the sandwich supplies the needed produce, satisfying that second requirement doesn't repair the first failure.
- D
Having a banana and less than 10 percent of calories from fat satisfies the listed conditions. It doesn't establish that the meal has no other nutritional problem. The passage says healthful meals meet these conditions, not that every meal meeting them is healthful. D turns requirements into a guarantee.
- E
Both meals exceed the fat limit and therefore fail the nutritionist's test for a healthful meal. That doesn't give us a scale for ranking one as more healthful than the other. Adding broccoli could have some nutritional benefit, but these principles don't say how that benefit compares with the other features of the meals. E's comparative judgment goes beyond what the rules establish.
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